var=/a/b/c/d/e.f.g
${var}                 /a/b/c/d/e.f.g
${var#/*/}             b/c/d/e.f.g
${var##/*/             e.f.g
${var%.*}              /a/b/c/d/e.f
${var%%.*}             /a/b/c/d/e
${var%%/*/             /a/b/c/d/e.f.g
${var%%/*}
${var%b*}              /a
${var%%b*}             /a
============
<!$>
$ cat file_name
$ vi !$                  (last argument from previous command)
$ bzip2 -d file_name.tar.bz2
$ tar xvf !$
$ vi file.txt
$ spell !$
$ mv file.txt /usr/lib/tmac
$ cd !$                  (cd /usr/lib/tmac)

$ ls a*
a1 a2 a3
$ rm -f !$               (remove a1 a2 a3)
============
<!:n*>
$ co -l 1171 9845 4598
$ vi !:2*                (all arguments from second to the last)
$ vi !*                  (same as !:1*)
$ !em:2*
============
<^^>
$ cat myflie
cat: myflie: No such file or directory
$ ^li^il                 (correction)

$ !m:p                   (for second call previous command, for changing)
$ ^d^d45

$ lpr iueriwur/woeiruuu.c
$ ^uu
============
<!!>
<!:>  
$ echo xy
xy
$ !:s/xy/asd
$ !!
echo asd
asd

cat -v foo
!! | more                  (cat -v foo | more)

!so                        (command which begins from so)
!?mf                       (command which has mf part)
!34                        (comman #34 from history)
!:0                        (only name of the previous command)
$ /usr/bin/grep asd file
$ !:0 sdf file2            (/usr/bin/grep/ sdf file2)

!!:0
$ cat fn fn1 fn2
$ more !:3                 (more fn2)

!:2-4
!:-3                       (from 0 to 3)
!$                         (last argument)
!*                         (from 1 to end)
!:2-                       (from 2 to end-1)

!$:r                (returns file_name without extention)
$ echo aaa.c asd.c
aaa.c asd.c
$ echo !$:r
asd

$:g                 (operation is global)
$ x=(a.c b.c c.c)
$ echo $x:gr
a b c

$:e                 (returns extention of the file)
$ x = (asd.c)
$ echo $x:e
c

!$:t                (returns end of path_name)
$ echo /a/b/c
a/b/c
$ echo !$:t
c

$ x=(/a/b/c /d/f/g /e/r/t)
$ echo $x:gt
c g t

$ echo *
f1 f2 f3
$ !:p                (prints previous command without executing)
$ echo f1 f2 f3
============
$ history 20
$ fc -l
$ fc 21 23